Polity Chapters

1. Evolution of Indian Constitution2. Constituent Assembly and Making of the Constitution3. Different Sources of the Indian Constitution4. Important Articles of the Constitution5. Important Amendments of the Constitution6. Some Special features of the Indian Constitution7. Federal and Unitary features of the Indian Union8. The Preamble9. Lapse of Paramountcy10. Integration and Merger of Indian States11. The Union and its Territories12. Reorganization of States13. Citizenship14. Fundamental Rights15. Directive Principles of State Policy16. Fundamental Duties17. Procedure of Amending the Constitution18. Executive of the Union19. The Parliament of India20. President of India21. Vice President22. Prime Minister23. Council of Ministers24. Lok Sabha25. Rajya Sabha26. Vidhan Sabha27. Vidhan Parishad28. Governor29. Chief Minister30. State Council of Ministers31. The Parliament of India32. NITI Aayog33. Executive of the States34. Special Position of J and K35. Panchayats36. Municipalities37. The Supreme Court38. The High Court39. Inter-State Council40. Finance Commission41. Planning Commission42. National Development Council43. National Integration Council44. Inter State Relations45. Emergency Provisions46. Public Service Commissions47. Election48. Delimitation Commission of India49. The Official Languages50. National Symbols51. Glossary of Constitutional Terms

Municipalities (Part IX-A of the Constitution)

“The system of Municipalities provides urban local self-governance to manage civic services and infrastructure in towns and cities of India.”

74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992

  • Added **Part IX-A** (Articles 243-P to 243-ZG) to the Constitution.
  • Inserted the **12th Schedule**, listing 18 functional items of Municipalities.
  • Came into effect on **1st June 1993**.

Types of Municipalities

  • Nagar Panchayat: For areas in transition from rural to urban.
  • Municipal Council: For smaller urban areas.
  • Municipal Corporation: For larger urban areas.

Duration and Elections

  • Tenure is **5 years**.
  • Elections to be held before expiry or within **6 months** of dissolution.
  • Conducted by the **State Election Commission**.

Reservation in Municipalities

  • Reservation for **SCs, STs and women** (not less than one-third).
  • States may provide for **OBC reservation**.

State Finance Commission

Governor to constitute a State Finance Commission every **5 years** to review financial position of Municipalities and recommend devolution of funds.

12th Schedule of the Constitution

Contains **18 functional items** like urban planning, roads, water supply, sanitation, public health, etc. to be handled by Municipalities.

Previous Year Questions

  • HSSC 2021: Which amendment inserted Part IX-A for Municipalities?
  • 74th Amendment Act, 1992
  • SSC CGL 2018: The 12th Schedule is related to?
  • Municipalities
  • RRB NTPC 2019: Who conducts elections to Municipal bodies?
  • State Election Commission

Conclusion

Municipalities ensure democratic governance at the urban level, empowering citizens to participate in decision-making and service delivery. They are essential for planned urban development and civic infrastructure.

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