Inter-State Relations

Introduction

Inter-state relations refer to the interaction, cooperation, and coordination between different states within the Indian Union. The Indian Constitution provides a framework to maintain harmony and resolve disputes among states, ensuring smooth governance and unity.

Provisions in the Constitution

• Article 263: Provision for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to discuss and recommend on inter-state matters.
• Article 262: Provides for adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-state rivers or river valleys by the Supreme Court or by tribunals.
• Article 246(2): Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.
• Article 355: The Union government’s duty to protect states against external aggression and internal disturbance.

Types of Inter-State Relations

• Cooperation: States working together on common issues like water sharing, infrastructure, and law enforcement.
• Conflict: Disputes over resources, boundaries, or policies, often resolved through legal or constitutional mechanisms.
• Coordination: Joint efforts through councils and committees for harmonious governance.

Mechanisms for Resolving Disputes

• Inter-State Council: Acts as a platform for dialogue between states and the Union government.
• Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunal: Set up under Article 262 to adjudicate water conflicts.
• Supreme Court: The highest judicial authority to resolve disputes between states.
• Central Government Intervention: Under Article 355 to maintain law and order and ensure state security.

Importance of Healthy Inter-State Relations

• Ensures smooth functioning of the federal structure.
• Promotes cooperative federalism and national integration.
• Facilitates equitable resource sharing among states.
• Prevents conflicts and promotes peaceful coexistence.

Previous Year Questions

• SSC CGL 2018: Which article of the Indian Constitution provides for the formation of an Inter-State Council?
• Article 263
• RRB JE 2019: The Inter-State Water Disputes Tribunal is constituted under which article?
• Article 262
• HSSC 2020: Which body acts as a platform for resolving disputes between states and the Union?
• Inter-State Council

Conclusion

Maintaining harmonious inter-state relations is crucial for India’s unity and federal structure. Through constitutional provisions and institutional mechanisms, disputes are managed, and cooperation is encouraged for the country’s balanced development.