Pollution
“Pollution refers to the undesirable changes in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of air, water, or land that can harm life.”
Types of Pollution
- 1. Air Pollution: Caused by smoke from vehicles, industries, burning of fossil fuels. Pollutants include CO₂, CO, SO₂, NO₂.
- 2. Water Pollution: Contamination of water bodies due to sewage, chemicals, plastic waste, etc.
- 3. Soil Pollution: Caused by dumping of waste, pesticides, chemical fertilizers.
- 4. Noise Pollution: Caused by loud sounds from vehicles, industries, loudspeakers.
- 5. Thermal & Radioactive Pollution: Caused by nuclear plants, thermal plants, etc.
Causes of Pollution
- Rapid industrialization and urbanization
- Deforestation and population growth
- Use of plastic and non-biodegradable materials
- Burning of fossil fuels and garbage
- Improper disposal of industrial and domestic waste
Effects of Pollution
- Respiratory and skin diseases
- Loss of biodiversity
- Global warming and climate change
- Soil infertility and reduced agricultural output
- Waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid
Prevention & Control
- Promote use of eco-friendly and biodegradable products
- Proper waste management and recycling
- Use of cleaner fuels and public transport
- Tree plantation and afforestation
- Strict laws and regulations for industries