Basic Electrical Concepts
Understand the fundamental building blocks of electrical engineering.
Resistance
Resistance is the opposition offered by a material to the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω).
Factors affecting resistance: length, cross-sectional area, material type, and temperature.
Inductance
Inductance is the property of a conductor by which a change in current induces an electromotive force (EMF). It is measured in henries (H).
It mainly depends on the number of turns in a coil, coil area, core material, and length of the coil.
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ability of a system to store electric charge. It is measured in farads (F).
It depends on the surface area of the plates, the distance between them, and the type of dielectric material used.
Current
Electric current is the flow of electric charge in a conductor. It is measured in amperes (A).
Formula: I = Q/t (Current = Charge / Time)
Voltage
Voltage (or potential difference) is the work done to move a unit charge from one point to another. Measured in volts (V).
Formula: V = W/Q (Voltage = Work / Charge)
Power
Power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed or generated. Measured in watts (W).
Formula: P = V × I (Power = Voltage × Current)
Energy
Energy is the total work done or heat produced by electrical power over time. Measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Formula: Energy = Power × Time